Python Tutorials

Block Indentation In Python – Python Programming Tutorial – 3

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Block Indentation In Python – Python Programming Tutorials from Coding compiler. This is the third Python tutorial in the series. Before reading this Python block indentation tutorial, I would like to request you to go through the previous Python tutorial for beginners, creating variables and assigning values in Python.

Block Indentation

Python uses indentation to define control and loop constructs. This contributes to Python’s readability, however, it requires the programmer to pay close attention to the use of whitespace. Thus, editor miscalibration could result in code that behaves in unexpected ways.

Python And Colon Symbol (:)

Python uses the colon symbol (:) and indentation for showing where blocks of code begin and end (If you come from another language, do not confuse this with somehow being related to the ternary operator). That is, blocks in
Python, such as functions, loops, if clauses and other constructs, have no ending identifiers. All blocks start with a colon and then contain the indented lines below it.

Python Block Indentation Example

Block Indentation In Python Example:

 def my_function(): #This is a function definition. Note the colon (:)
    a = 2          #This line belongs to the function because it's indented
 return a          #This line also belongs to the same function
 print(my_function()) # This line is OUTSIDE the function block
 
or

if a > b:     #If block starts here
 print(a)     #This is part of the if block
 else:        #else must be at the same level as if
 print(b)     #This line is part of the else block

Blocks that contain exactly one single-line statement may be put on the same line, though this form is generally not considered good style:

 if a > b: print(a)
 else: print(b)

Attempting to do this with more than a single statement will not work:

 if x > y: y = x
 print(y)                          #IndentationError: unexpected indent
 if x > y: while y != z: y -= 1    #SyntaxError: invalid syntax

An empty block causes an IndentationError. Use pass (a command that does nothing) when you have a block with no content: 

def will_be_implemented_later():
 pass

Python – Spaces vs. Tabs

In short: always use 4 spaces for indentation. Using tabs exclusively is possible but PEP 8, the style guide for Python code, states that spaces are preferred.

Python 3.x Version ≥ 3.0

Python 3 disallows mixing the use of tabs and spaces for indentation. In such a case a compile-time error is generated: Inconsistent use of tabs and spaces in the indentation and the program will not run.

Python 2.x Version ≤ 2.7

Python 2 allows mixing tabs and spaces in indentation; this is strongly discouraged. The tab character completes the previous indentation to be a multiple of 8 spaces. Since it is common that editors are configured to show tabs as multiple of 4 spaces, this can cause subtle bugs.

When invoking the Python 2 command line interpreter with the -t option, it issues warnings about code that illegally mixes tabs and spaces. When using -tt these warnings become errors. These options are highly recommended!

Many editors have “tabs to spaces” configuration. When configuring the editor, one should differentiate between the tab character (‘\t’) and the Tab key.

  • The tab character should be configured to show 8 spaces, to match the language semantics – at least in cases when (accidental) mixed indentation is possible. Editors can also automatically convert the tab character to spaces.
  • However, it might be helpful to configure the editor so that pressing the Tab key will insert 4 spaces, instead of inserting a tab character.

Python source code is written with a mix of tabs and spaces, or with a non-standard number of indentation, spaces can be made pep8-conformant using autopep8. (A less powerful alternative comes with most Python installations: reindent.py)

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